浦东法院作出首例世界杯诉前禁令，知识产权案件中的维权利器

Pudong Court Grants First World Cup Motion for TRO

– a powerful tool in IP protection since China’s accession to the WTO

#行为保全# #首例世界杯诉前禁令# #知识产权# #法律服务# #IP#

小小律师德米的抖音号：LawyerDemiWang

12月8日，上海市浦东新区人民法院就央视国际网络有限公司提出的行为保全申请作出诉前禁令，责令被申请人沈阳盘球科技有限公司、上海悦保信息科技有限公司立即停止针对2022年卡塔尔世界杯相关版权的侵权行为。

On Dec 8, Shanghai Pudong New Area Peoples Court issued a Temporary Restraining Order granting a motion for pre-action injunction filed by CCTV International Network Co LTD, ordering the respondents Shenyang Panqiu Technology Co LTD and Shanghai Yuebao Information Technology Co LTD to immediately stop infringing the copyright related to FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022.

被诉侵权页面截图 来源@上海浦东法院 微信公众号

《民事诉讼法》第103条和104条规定了诉前禁令和诉中禁令。诉中禁令是指在庭审前或审理中，为了在法庭判决之前维持现状，人民法院根据权利人或利害关系人的申请，责令被申请人作出一定行为或者禁止作出一定行为的临时措施，也称为“行为保全”。被申请人对保全裁定不服的，可以申请复议一次。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。

Article 103 and Article 104 of PRC Civil Procedure Law stipulate both the temporary restraining order and the preliminary injunctions. Preliminary Injunctions refer to a temporary measure taken by the peoples court before or during trial upon application of the right holder or an interested party to order the respondent to do an action or prohibit an action, to preserve the status quo while the underlying court case is decided, also known as “conduct preservation”.

知识产权案件中的“诉前禁令”规定于《著作权法》第56条、《商标法》第65条及《专利法》第72条，是指在诉讼前，人民法院对于因情况紧急，不立即停止有关主体的行为将会使损害继续扩大，而依法发出责令停止有关行为的命令，直到颁布更永久的禁令。

The Temporary Restraining Order(“TRO”) for intellectual property cases is stipulated in Article 56 of the Copyright Law, Article 65 of the Trademark Law and Article 72 of the Patent Law, which means that in emergency situations and before a lawsuit is brought, the peoples court, upon application, issues an order to cease certain action of the party concerned in accordance with the law when a certain action will cause further damage if not immediately ceased, until a more permanent injunction can be put into place.

申请人有权在提起诉讼前向被申请人住所地所属知识产权管辖法院或对案件有管辖权的人民法院申请诉前禁令。人民法院接收申请后，必须在四十八小时内作出裁定；裁定采取保全措施的，应当立即开始执行。申请人应在采取行为保全措施后三十日内依法提起诉讼，否则，法院将解除保全（法院解除之前保全持续有效），且申请人应当赔偿被申请人因错误保全所遭受的损失。

Before bringing a lawsuit, the applicant is entitled to apply for a TRO to the peoples court in the place of respondent’s domicile that has jurisdiction over intellectual property cases or to the peoples court that has jurisdiction over the case. After receiving the motion, the peoples court must make a ruling within 48 hours. If the court grants the motion for TRO, the execution shall begin immediately. The applicant shall file an action against the respondent within 30 days after the injunction order is granted; otherwise, the court will revoke the order (which means the TRO remains in force until revoked by the court) and the applicant shall compensate the respondent for the losses suffered by the wrongful preservation measures.

然而，并不是所有的行为保全申请都能得到法院支持。

However, not all injunction motions are upheld by the court.

实务中，人民法院在审查知识产权案件行为保全申请时一般会综合考虑如下因素：

In practice, peoples courts generally consider the following factors when reviewing a motion for TRO or preliminary injunction in intellectual property cases:

1、 申请人的请求是否具有事实基础和法律依据；

2、 不采取保全措施是否会对申请人造成难以弥补的损害（这第2点往往是此类案件中的必争之点）；

3、 采取行为保全措施是否会导致当事人间利益显著失衡（即不采取行为保全措施对申请人造成的损害是否超过采取行为保全措施对被申请人造成的损害）；

4、 采取保全措施是否会损害社会公共利益；

5、 申请人是否提供了足够的担保。

1. Whether the applicant is likely to succeed on the merits – on the basis of facts and law;

2. Whether failure to take injunction measures would cause irreparable harm to the applicant (This second point is often contested in IP cases);

3. Whether the balance of equities tips in the applicant’s favor (That is, whether the damage caused to the applicant by not taking behavioral injunction measures exceeds the damage caused to the respondent by taking them);

4. Whether an injunction is in the public interest; and

5. Whether the applicant has provided sufficient surety bond.

让我们结合浦东法院的2022世界杯诉前禁令来一探究竟吧。

Lets take a look at this in the context of Pudong Courts TRO for FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022.

1、 2022年卡塔尔世界杯赛事节目是具有独创性的视听作品。申请人央视国际公司经合法授权，享有通过互联网以直播、延播和点播等形式传播2022年卡塔尔世界杯赛事节目的权利及转授权的权利，并有权进行维权，其请求保护的知识产权效力稳定。被申请人上海悦保公司在其运营的“足球直播网”上为世界杯赛事设置“观看直播”的跳转链接，链接到被申请人沈阳盘球公司运营的“盘球吧”网站中的世界杯比赛直播页面，实时或延时向公众提供2022年卡塔尔世界杯赛事节目的在线观看服务。因此，法院认为两被申请人具有较大的侵权可能性，申请人的行为保全请求具有事实基础和法律依据。

1. The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 program is an original audiovisual work. The applicant, CCTV International, is legitimately authorized to transmit the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 program through the Internet in the form of live broadcast, extended broadcast and on-demand broadcast, as well as to sub-license, and to defend its rights. The IP rights it seeks to protect are of stable validity. The respondent Shanghai Yuebao Company sets a jump link of “Watch Live” for the World Cup on the “Live Football Network” operated by the respondent Shanghai Yuebao Company to link to the live page of the World Cup game on the website of the “PQ8.Live” operated by the respondent Shenyang Panqiu Company, and provide the public with online viewing service of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in real time or delay. Thus, the court finds that two respondents have a greater likelihood of infringement, and the applicants request for TRO has a factual and legal basis.

2、 2022年卡塔尔世界杯具有极大的社会关注度和影响力，相关赛事节目属于时效性极强的热播节目，具有极高的经济价值，能够给申请人带来较大的经济利益。两被申请人的被诉行为发生在2022年卡塔尔世界杯举办期间，结合被诉行为模式判断，两被申请人未来仍可能通过相同的方式进行世界杯赛事在线直播。若不及时制止该行为，可能对申请人的竞争优势、市场份额等经济利益带来难以弥补的损害。同时，2022世界杯赛事将持续到12月18日，为防止损害的进一步扩大，责令两被申请人立即停止实施被控侵权行为具有紧迫性和必要性。

2. FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 has great social attention and influence, and relevant programs of this international football tournament are time-sensitive hit broadcasts which can bring great economic benefits to the applicants. The accused actions of the two respondents occurred during FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. Judging from the accused behavior pattern, the two respondents may still live broadcast the World Cup events online in the same way in the future. If their actions are not stopped in time, it may cause irreparable harm to the applicants competitive advantage, market share and other economic interests. At the same time, FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will last until December 18. In order to prevent further expansion of the damage, it is urgent and necessary to order the two respondents to immediately stop carrying out the alleged infringement.

3、 申请人的行为保全申请不仅针对已经和正在发生的侵权行为，同时也是针对即将发生的侵权行为，其指向明确、范围适当，且提供了相应担保，故法院认为，采取行为保全措施不会造成当事人间利益的显著失衡，也不会损害社会公共利益。

3. The applicants motion for TRO not only targets the existing and ongoing infringements, but also the upcoming infringements. It has a clear direction, appropriate scope, and a corresponding surety bond is provided. Therefore, the court holds that granting the motion for TRO will not cause significant imbalance between the interests of the parties, nor will it damage the public interests.

据此，浦东法院在接受申请的24小时内即作出裁定，责令被申请人沈阳盘球公司立即停止并不得在其运营的“盘球吧”网站提供2022年卡塔尔世界杯赛事节目，被申请人上海悦保公司立即停止并不得在其运营的“足球直播网”上设置链接跳转至“盘球吧”网站的卡塔尔世界杯的赛事观看页面。裁定书送达后立即执行。

Accordingly, the Pudong Court made a ruling within 24 hours of receiving the motion, ordering the respondent Shenyang Panqiu Company to immediately cease and desist from providing FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 program on the website of “PQ8.Live” operated by it, and ordering the respondent Shanghai Yuebao Company to immediately cease and desist from setting a link on the “Football Live Network” operated by it that jumps to the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 watching page of the “PQ8.Live” website. The TRO was executed immediately after it was served.