疫情状态下房地产、建设工程企业常见法律问题分析

目前，陕西省区域内各大房地产、建设工程企业大部分均已复工复产，那么在新冠肺炎的影响下，该类企业可能面临的有哪些常见法律问题，不用慌，陕西云德律师事务所新经济中心资深执业律师、特许经营法律事务部首席律师董伟针对现阶段下房地产、建设工程企业常见的法律问题在YY、微博、抖音、快手、虎牙、等各大直播平台专门进行了深刻剖析解答。

At present, most of the major real estate and construction engineeringenterprises in Shaanxi Province have resumed work, so under the influence ofthe new crown pneumonia, what common legal problems such enterprisesmay face, do not panic, Shaanxi Yunde Law Firm New Economic Center seniorpracticing lawyers, Dong Wei, chief lawyer of the franchise legal department,has made a profound analysis of the common legal issues of real estate andconstruction enterprises at this stage on the major live-streaming platformssuch as YY, Weibo, todays headlines, etc.

01

房屋买卖合同中卖方在疫情期内无法正常交房的，是否需要承担违约责任？

区分情形：看是否在疫情发生前就已经发生了逾期交房的行为，若已经发生，仍需承担违约责任，如未发生，适用“不可抗力”的规定，但应在第一时间告知买受人交房期限发生顺延，如正好面临疫情期间需要交房的，应在疫情解除后第一时间告知买受人前来办理交房、验房手续。

To distinguish the situation: to see if thattook place before the outbreak of the overdue payment, if has already happened,still need to be liable for breach of contract, such as has not occurred, theprovisions of the “force majeure” shall apply, but should be in thefirst time to inform the buyer postpone payment period, if just need to makethe room during outbreaks, should the outbreak after the first time to informthe buyer to making a room, home inspection formalities.

02

建设工程施工合同中发包方与承包方约定绝对工期、不予顺延的情形遇到本次疫情是否有效？

无效，首先不可抗力是法律规定的情形，约定不能大于法定，如在疫情期间发生此类状况可以主张该合同条款无效，注意：仅是该条款无效，合同其他条款仍对双方具有约束力。其次，仍需要注意，虽然可能合同中约定了绝对工期、不予顺延的情形，但是如果在疫情发生前已经逾期完工的，仍需承担违约责任。

Invalid, first of all, the force majeure isthe case stipulated by law, the agreement should not be greater than thestatutory, if such situation occurs during the epidemic can claim that thecontract provisions are invalid, note: only if the provisions are invalid,other provisions of the contract are still binding on both parties. Secondly,it still needs to be noted that although the absolute time limit may bestipulated in the contract and the delay may not be delayed, if the work has beencompleted overdue before the outbreak of the epidemic, it still needs to bearthe liability for breach of contract.

03

房地产、施工企业在工程项目中应当注意哪些高风险问题？

① 现场签证单签字盖章不规范

如：合同中约定的现场签证负责人与实际签字人不一致；

合同要求签证单须盖项目章或公章并签字，但实际操作时只有人员签字无盖章；

签证单上随意涂改，无法辨认真实工程量和价格；

② 工程质量瑕疵问题，未保留有效证据、盲目竣工结算

现阶段下普遍存在的问题，建设工程领域内多数为“熟人工程”，在施工方完工后，发包方可能出于人情、信任，双方盲目办理竣工结算或者在验收的情形下急于使用，结果后期发现质量问题，又未保留有效证据，导致产生严重损失，即便诉讼也可能面临败诉风险。

1. Spot visa form signature and seal is notstandard

For example, the person in charge of on-sitevisa agreed in the contract is inconsistent with the actual signatory;

The contract requires the visa form to bestamped with project seal or official seal and signed, but the actual operationis only signed by the personnel without seal;

Random alteration on the visa form, unableto identify the real quantity and price;

Project quality defects, not to retain validevidence, blind completion settlement

Construction engineering under the presentwidespread problems, mostly in engineering “acquaintances”, after theconstruction completion, may be out of favor and trust of the party awardingthe contract, both sides blind for completion and settlement or in the case ofthe acceptance are eager to use, the results later found quality problems, anddid not keep effective evidence, resulting in serious losses, even could alsoface losing lawsuit risk.

律 师 建 议

1、对于施工过程中发现的问题及时通过书面函件（如工程联系函）的方式（最好通过EMS邮寄，保留邮寄单和邮寄查询回执）向对方提出要求；

2、在双方未经过验收的情况下，一定要注意不要擅自投入使用。

1. For the problems found in theconstruction process, timely request to the other party by written mail (suchas project contact letter) (preferably by EMS mail, keep the mailing list andmail inquiry receipt);

2. In the case that both parties have notpassed the acceptance inspection, it must be paid attention not to put it intouse without authorization.